白藜芦醇探针同步荧光法测定蛋白质含量

在Tris-HCl缓冲溶液体系中(pH=7.4),白藜芦醇与人血清白蛋白相互作用,对蛋白的内源性荧光产生猝灭作用,而且,同步荧光的强度与人血清白蛋白的浓度成正比。 基于此,建立了以白藜芦醇为荧光探针,运用固定波长同步荧光光谱法测定生物样品中蛋白质含量的新方法。 体系同步荧光光谱特征及强度受Δλ、反应介质和离子强度等因素的影响。 在最佳实验条件下,体系的同步荧光强度(I)与人血清白蛋白在1.380~276.0 mg/L的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.037 mg/L(n=11)。 对血清、尿样和唾液等生物样品进行测定,回收率在93.5%~105.8%之间,与传统的考马斯亮蓝(G-250)法作对照,结果一致。     

人体尿液的三维荧光指纹图谱

采用三维荧光光谱技术获得了不同人群尿液的指纹图谱,对24个胃癌病人以及27个健康人的尿样进行了测定,并结合主成分分析的投影判别法和聚类分析法对尿样三维荧光谱的特征参数进行了模式识别研究。结果表明,病人和健康人的尿样存在一定的差异,且主成分分析投影判别法和聚类分析法均能对样品进行较好的分离识别,从而建立了识别癌症病人以及健康人的尿液的新方法。     

均匀电场中带电粒子的相对论运动

通过求解与坐标系选取无关的三维空间矢量运动方程讨论了带电粒子在均匀电场中的一般相对论性运动,得到了粒子相对论运动轨迹、运动速度和加速度的一般三维矢量式.进而利用Mathematica 6软件进行了相应参数式的动态描绘,并与非相对论极限进行了比较.     

An image encryption scheme based on three-dimensional Brownian motion and chaotic system

At present, many chaos-based image encryption algorithms have proved to be unsafe, few encryption schemes permute the plain images as three-dimensional(3D) bit matrices, and thus bits cannot move to any position, the movement range of bits are limited, and based on them, in this paper we present a novel image encryption algorithm based on 3D Brownian motion and chaotic systems. The architecture of confusion and diffusion is adopted. Firstly, the plain image is converted into a 3D bit matrix and split into sub blocks. Secondly, block confusion based on 3D Brownian motion(BCB3DBM)is proposed to permute the position of the bits within the sub blocks, and the direction of particle movement is generated by logistic-tent system(LTS). Furthermore, block confusion based on position sequence group(BCBPSG) is introduced, a four-order memristive chaotic system is utilized to give random chaotic sequences, and the chaotic sequences are sorted and a position sequence group is chosen based on the plain image, then the sub blocks are confused. The proposed confusion strategy can change the positions of the bits and modify their weights, and effectively improve the statistical performance of the algorithm. Finally, a pixel level confusion is employed to enhance the encryption effect. The initial values and parameters of chaotic systems are produced by the SHA 256 hash function of the plain image. Simulation results and security analyses illustrate that our algorithm has excellent encryption performance in terms of security and speed.     

三维漏斗中颗粒物质堵塞问题的数值实验研究

对于工程和实验中使用漏斗颗粒流而言,连续稳定的流量是必要的.当漏斗口较小时,很容易发生堵塞行为.堵塞现象对于交通流、疏散问题等也具有重要的意义.前人主要使用扰动的方法破坏漏斗中已有的堵塞,以便引起下一次堵塞,加快实验进程.本文利用自主开发的基于GPU(graphics processing unit)的密集颗粒流模拟程序,主要研究当三维漏斗开口打开后的第一次堵塞行为,不再引入扰动.详细讨论了漏斗开口尺寸、漏斗锥角等几何参数对坍塌规模的影响.发现对于坍塌规模的概率分布符合前人的研究结果,可以分为两部分:峰的左边呈幂函数上升形式,峰的右边呈指数衰减趋势.对于漏斗开口尺寸和漏斗锥角而言,均存在一个临界值使得堵塞不再发生.     

基于花状铂纳米颗粒构建的电致化学发光免疫传感器用于检测载脂蛋白A1

采用一锅合成法制备了新型的具有大比表面积的花状铂纳米颗粒（PtNFs）,并构建了一个高灵敏电致化学发光（ECL）免疫传感器用于检测载脂蛋白A1（Apo-A1）. 该PtNFs用于吸附二抗（anti-Apo-A1）,并用葡糖糖氧化酶（GOD）封闭其表面的非特异性位点,最终制备了PtNFs@anti-Apo-A1@GOD信号探针. 当Apo-A1存在时,通过夹心免疫反应将制备的信号探针捕获于电极表面,并将所制得的电极置于含有葡萄糖的过硫酸根底液中检测. GOD催化葡萄糖产生H₂O₂,H₂O₂在PtNFs的催化下分解并在电极表面原位产生O₂,所产生的O₂能够催化过硫酸根-氧气体系的电致化学发光反应,放大发光信号,提高检测灵敏度. 该传感器在0.1ng•mL^-1 ~ 100 ng•mL^-1范围内对Apo-A1有良好的线性响应,检测下限达到0.03ng•mL^-1,有望应用于临床分析诊断.     

In vitro three-dimensional cancer metastasis modeling:Past,present, and future

Metastasis is the leading cause of most cancer deaths, as opposed to dysregulated cell growth of the primary tumor.Molecular mechanisms of metastasis have been studied for decades and the findings have evolved our understanding of the progression of malignancy. However, most of the molecular mechanisms fail to address the causes of cancer and its evolutionary origin, demonstrating an inability to find a solution for complete cure of cancer. After being a neglected area of tumor biology for quite some time, recently several studies have focused on the impact of the tumor microenvironment on cancer growth. The importance of the tumor microenvironment is gradually gaining attention, particularly from the perspective of biophysics. In vitro three-dimensional(3-D) metastatic models are an indispensable platform for investigating the tumor microenvironment, as they mimic the in vivo tumor tissue. In 3-D metastatic in vitro models, static factors such as the mechanical properties, biochemical factors, as well as dynamic factors such as cell–cell, cell–ECM interactions, and fluid shear stress can be studied quantitatively. With increasing focus on basic cancer research and drug development, the in vitro 3-D models offer unique advantages in fundamental and clinical biomedical studies.     

Recent technical advancements enabled atomic resolution Cryo EM

With recent breakthroughs in camera and image processing technologies single-particle electron cryo-microscopy(CryoEM) has suddenly gained the attention of structural biologists as a powerful tool able to solve the atomic structures of biological complexes and assemblies. Compared with x-ray crystallography, Cryo EM can be applied to partially flexible structures in solution and without the necessity of crystallization, which is especially important for large complexes and assemblies. This review briefly explains several key bottlenecks for atomic resolution Cryo EM, and describes the corresponding solutions for these bottlenecks based on the recent technical advancements. The review also aims to provide an overview about the technical differences between its applications in biology and those in material science.     

Three-dimensional flow of Powell–Eyring nanofluid with heat and mass flux boundary conditions

This article investigates the three-dimensional flow of Powell–Eyring nanofluid with thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. The energy equation is considered in the presence of thermal radiation. The heat and mass flux conditions are taken into account. Mathematical formulation is carried out through the boundary layer approach. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations through suitable variables. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations have been solved for the series solutions. Effects of emerging physical parameters on the temperature and nanoparticles concentration are plotted and discussed. Numerical values of local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed and examined.